Reduced Clause

REDUCED CLAUSE
(Shortened Clauses)

There are two types of Reduced Clause:

REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

We reduce sentences when you have the same subject in the main clause and the adjective clause. Adjective clauses contain relative pronouns like who, which, or that. The reduced adjective clause becomes an adjective phrase, which does not have a subject. An adjective phrase does not have a subject and a verb. Instead, it has a present participle (base verb + ing) for the active voice or a past participle for the passive voice.

3 types of reduction:

1.       The subject is doing the action. ( Active ) – ing

2.       The subject received the action . ( passive ) –ed

3.       Prepositional Phrase. –preposition.

 If you want to reduce an adjective clause, make sure that the same subject is present in both clauses, and then follow these steps

1. Omit the relative pronoun (who, that, which) of the adjective clause

2. Omit the be form of the verb if there is one.

3. Change the verb to its present participle form (–ing) for the active voice, or leave it as the past participle for the passive voice. Sometimes after deleting be, there is no verb.

Example : Active ( connector + be / connector + main verb )

The teacher who motivates us is really kind person. -Subject : omitted -Active verb à Verb- ing -The result : The teacher motivating us is really kind person.

The woman who is waving to us is the tour guide. -The result : The woman waving to us is the tour guide.

Example : Passive ( connector + be / connector + main verb )

I don’t understand the article which appears in today’s paper. -Appears à appearing -The result : I don’t understand the article appearing in today’s paper.

The letter which is sent last week is important. -Subject : omitted -Passive verb à Omit “ to be” The result : The letter sent last week is important.

Example : Preposition

The man who is behind me is my brother. -Subject omitted -Passive verb à omit “ to be “ -Leave the preposition. The result : The man behind me is my brother

Watch Out:

Not all adjective lause can be reduced, only when connectors is followed directly by a verb. In other word, an adjective clause can only be reduced if the connectors is also a subject.

Example: The man that I just met is the tour guide.

   ( is not reduce ) because the connectors (that) followed by a subject “I”

REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSE

In English grammar, a reduced adverb clause is an adverb(ial) clause that has been shortened to a phrase, usually by omitting its subject and a form of be. In conventional usage, an adverb clause can be reduced to a phrase only when the subject of the adverb clause is the same as the subject of the independent clause. But not all adverb clause can be reducing.

There are three adverbial clauses can reduce

1.      Adverb of time

Ø  Before/after/since/while meet S + V à adverb time + Ving

Example: After he did military service, he became a monk.

è After doing military, he became a monk.

Ø  As meet S + V à Ving

Example :

Ø  As soon as meet S + V à Upon/ on + Ving

Example : As soon as you trust yourself, you will know how to live

è Upon you trust yourself, you will know how to live.

2.      Adverb of cause and effect ( omit connector and subject )

Ø  Because I was feeling a bit tired, I didn’t go to work.

è Feeling a bit tired, I didn’t go to work.

3.      Adverb of contrast

SOURCES

https://www.wordsmile.com/reduced-adjective-clause

https://www.englishgrammar.org/reduced-adverb-clauses-part/

http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/adverbial_clauses.htm